Cumin seeds (jeera), prized since ancient times for their digestive and medicinal properties, remain one of the world’s most traded spices. Here are the top five countries that dominate global cumin production:
1. India
India is the undisputed leader, accounting for more than 70% of the world’s cumin supply. Rajasthan and Gujarat together contribute over 90% of the national output.
The country produces over 900,000 metric tonnes annually, with major exports headed to the United States, UAE, Bangladesh, and the UK.
2. Syria
Syria ranks second with an annual production exceeding 40,000 metric tonnes. Cultivation is concentrated in the northern arid regions, and Syrian cumin is noted for its sweeter taste and strong aroma.
3. Turkey
Turkey produces around 35,000 metric tonnes each year, mainly from regions such as Konya and Gaziantep. Turkish cumin is popular for its high essential oil content, making it a staple in Mediterranean cuisine.
4. Iran
Iran contributes more than 25,000 metric tonnes, sourced largely from Khorasan and Fars provinces. Known for its earthy flavour profile, Iranian cumin is also valued for its traditional medicinal uses.
5. China
China produces over 10,000 metric tonnes, predominantly from the Xinjiang region. Cumin is a key ingredient in Uyghur cuisine, especially in lamb dishes and barbecues.
Other cumin-producing countries include Egypt, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Morocco, which cater to smaller and niche global markets.
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